Food Crisis Essay Example for Free

Food Crisis Essay As per World Bank, they accuse that the food emergency in Africa are causing in terms of professional career hindrance. A great deal of nations in Africa are confined bringing in food from the fringe. Because of unfertilized land in a great deal of parts in Africa, it makes individuals demoralize to be a rancher, so the food gracefully is less. Notwithstanding, African populace is expanding quickly. Thusly, the interest for food will simply continue expanding. Thus, the interest for food would surpass flexibly for food in Africa. Before I proceed onward to the following models, I have to clarify about the aftereffect of the interest surpass flexibly. Indistinguishable items around the globe should fix in the law of one value, which imply that the indistinguishable items should sell at a similar cost far and wide. This is in such a case that it isn't a similar value, the nation that sell significant expense would go to purchase the low value item from another nation and offer it to their nation. Consequently, the nation that sell item for low cost with get an outcome in expanding request which bring about expanding in cost. The flexibly at the significant expense item will be more since individuals import to sell in nation, which bring about diminishing in cost. At the outcome, the two nations will sell item at a similar cost. This will cause the exporter by the remainder of the world need to sell the item at a similar value (world cost). Along these lines, we can attract it the chart as vertical lines while the gracefully in the nation as an upward-inclining and the interest is descending slanting, however food is fundamental item, so the line ought to be progressively inelastic. Presently we can plot the entirety of this in to a chart, and a diagram will resemble this. The import is flat a direct result of the world cost, so they have to flexibly at this cost. As should be obvious from the diagram, the import is confine at just the limited quantity as indicated by Africa, just 5 percent of the food import, which bringing about interest surpassing flexibly, so we can apply this to the food emergency in terms of professional career limitation. Accordingly, the cost of food is expanding on the grounds that there is appeal for food than gracefully in Africa, while the rancher isn't empowering by the legislature in light of the fact that lone a little benefit goes to them despite the fact that the cost is high because of the administration arrangement, so he Africa individuals experience the ill effects of craving because of the exorbitant cost of food. Africa that face food emergency, yet additionally the world is endured during 2008. As indicated by Europe, they guarantee that the world food emergency is on the grounds that the exchange limitation of numerous nations the world, for example, Argentina, Russia, Japan and South Korea. These exchange limitations cause the cost of food on the planet to increment. Individuals can't manage the cost of the significant expense. Along these lines, the food emergency happens and endures numerous nations around the globe. Food emergency happen in the nation may prompt other issue. For instance, the dissent in Egypt additionally cause by bringing cost of food up in the nation on account of exchange limitation. In long haul answer for illuminate food emergency ought to be that the administration ought not intercede food cost since food is fundamental item; they pick confine on the superfluous item, for example, cigarette or liquor. 20 million individuals in Africa are experiencing hunger these days because of this food emergency causing in terms of professional career limitation.

Organization Theory Modern - Symbolic And Postmodern

Question: Talk about the Organization Theory for Modern, Symbolic and Postmodern. Answer: Presentation: The efficiency of the association is totally relies upon cooperation with its condition, drawing certain contributions from nature and changing these to yields cap are offered to the earth. As indicated by Scott and Davis (2015), overseeing association is an aggregate activity whose good condition works with a few factors incorporate representatives, clients, providers and even the opposition for do research, improvement and benefit. In this manner, the achievement of its favored state is subject to the effectiveness with which the firm does this procedure of creation. Be that as it may, ordinary speculations saw firms as shut and segregated frameworks. As indicated by Cummings and Worley (2014), ordinary hypothesis dismissed outside ecological impacts before the 1960s, so much scientist and researchers started to grasp arrangement of open business condition to present outside powers that impact the board associations incorporate social/political changes, catastrophic events, etc. Ac cordingly, the open framework model is about communication with its condition by trading material, vitality and data with focuses on recharging of the framework and development (Hatch and Cunliffe 2013). Conversation: I have increased a ton of experience by performing under the open frameworks the board approach in the ABC constrained. The organization is occupied with retail condition. Being related with such association, I have comprehended that when a cooperation with a situation do happen consistently while working together tasks and trades and procedures criticism, at that point that approach will be called as Open System Management Approach. The best part about this model is that the controllers of open frameworks have focus on their outside condition, in-house condition and needs of clients and responses. Presently I have a reasonable thought that there are a few conditions and activities happens to reach at comparable outcomes. Rehearsing under this methodology, I am presently gotten equipped for working under the notion that clients can get a definitive outcomes by keeping up an immediate relationship with circumstances and logical results. At the end of the day, a business doesn't have l imitations over ecological powers, it depends on supposition and possibilities to adapt to surprising information (Burke 2013). For example, the catastrophic event makes calculated issue in retail business activity, causing misfortune creation and diminished benefit. The Open System approach gives a reasonable thought regarding the whole institutional segments, sets of firms, singular associations, units or divisions inside associations (Miller and Rice 2013). The center framework segments which are utilized for overseeing ABC Ltd are firms practices and procedures to win the examples of connection among gatherings and person. By utilizing innovation demonstrates instruments, types of gear, strategies and procedures for handling include and change them into yields. Another center part, condition is about outer associations and conditions. Here it is to be sure imperative to keep up solid connections between people, gatherings and bigger units. In this manner hierarchical structure is basic in the Open System model. Finally, an open framework elements helps in getting inputs of data and requests inside outside associations. By conveying exercises under this methodology, the OS model shows us a few noteworthy variables assisted with increasing around a few significant thoughts which are as per the following: Right off the bat, the ordinary structure of OS can be utilized by various degrees of examination. Besides, any recognized hierarchical framework might be treated as being made out of parts of autonomous nature. Thirdly, on the off chance that the reliant segments or capacities are considered as poor fit, at that point insufficiency may show up and hierarchical viability bound to be endured. Fourthly, there is an enormous reliance on the associations capacity of adjust to its condition with the adequacy of the association. In any case, it is trying to searching for an ideal situation in which to work. Fifthly, ABC utilized a large number of their retail administration, merchandise and thoughts to convey to their purchasers as contributions to upkeep or development Sixthly, we, being workers, are the most fundamental assets of the open administration framework approach. Seventhly, the OS model instructed us that a viability of ABC Ltd rely upon maintainability on its capacity to achieve requirements of the interior framework. This incorporates individuals who are approved to perform into the association, leading procedures of change, and dealing with operational exercises just as the adjustment to its condition (Cummings and Worley 2014). Finally, it is the center element of the model that a steady advancement in and outside of the ABC has been produced a great deal of weight for changes just as discharging powers for maintainability. End: In light of my experience I can presume that Open framework the board approach advance powerful critical thinking by explaining the more extensive point of view. By embracing this methodology associations will follow a sure conveyance way to deal with oversee association and can manages better comprehension by potential administration and viable administration by getting ceaseless reactions and criticisms of the structure of the association. References: Burke, W.W., 2013. Association change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Cummings, T.G. also, Worley, C.G., 2014. Association improvement and change. Cengage learning. Incubate, M.J. furthermore, Cunliffe, A.L., 2013. Association hypothesis: present day, emblematic and postmodern points of view. Oxford college press. Mill operator, E.J. also, Rice, A.K. eds., 2013. Frameworks of association: The control of undertaking and aware limits. Routledge. Scott, W.R. also, Davis, G.F., 2015. Associations and arranging: Rational, regular and open frameworks points of view. Routledge.

More Than A Woman - Literature Essay Samples

Each individual has an outward part of her personality that is revealed to others and an inward part which is kept solely to herself. Consequently, there is a contrast between the appearance of a person and the reality of whom that person really is. In her novel Mrs. Dalloway, Virginia Woolf presents the theme of appearance versus reality through the thoughts and actions of the novels protagonist, Clarissa Dalloway. The novel reveals a single day of Mrs. Dalloways life, reflecting her memories of the past and her encounters of the present. As the story unravels, it is clear that Clarissas appearance and behavior on the surface is not at all consistent with how she feels on the inside. On the surface, Clarissa appears to be of regal countenance and composed. However, in reality, she is unhappy and unsatisfied with many aspects of her life, including physical appearance, social status, and her marriage. As a result of Clarissas inability to share herself with others, the people that purport to be her friends do not really know and understand the true Mrs. Dalloway.On the exterior, Clarissa appears to a beautiful, happy and confident 50-year-old woman. Yet on the inside she is really filled with many fears and doubts. She does not like her appearance or the person she has become. While on an outing, Clarissa wishfully imagines she could begin her life over, revealing she would have looked even differently (10). When she compares herself to Lady Bexborough, she reveals her true feeling about herself. Clarissa would gladly trade her outward appearance for Lady Bexboroughs looks, claiming, She would have been, like Lady Bexborough, slow and stately; rather large; interested in politics like a man; with a country house; very dignified, very sincere (10). Although Clarissa is attractive for a woman of fifty, she has a very low self-esteem. She is even unsatisfied with her body, describing it as, this body, with all its capacities, seemed nothingnothing at all (10). In addition to her appearance, Clarissa does not like the person she has become. She is upset that she cannot do things simply for her own personal pleasure. Instead half the time she did things not simply for themselves; but to make people think this or that (10). Clarissas self worth is so low, she sacrifices her individuality to become liked by others. Yet, Clarissa masks her melancholy well. She always holds herself light, tall, and very upright, so she appears on the outside to be a confident woman (12).However, Clarissa is not only unhappy with her looks, but also with her place in society. One of Clarissas fears is that she might one day become forgotten and no longer appreciated. Clarissa dreads this is imminent, explaining,She had the oddest sense of being herself invisible, unseen; unknown; there being no more marrying, no more having children now, but only this astonishing and rather solemn progress with the rest of them, up Bond Street, this being Mrs. Dalloway; not even Clarissa any more; this being Mrs. Richard Dalloway (10-11).Clarissa is upset and worried that she will become forgotten and only known as the wife of Richard Dalloway. Yet, she is aware that she gave up all individuality when marrying Richard, and now her identity is procured through her husband. Clarissa dwells on her lack of importance to herself, as well as others. When Clarissas husband was invited to lunch with Lady Bruton, omitting herself, it made her feel, shriveled, aged, breastlessout of her body and brain which now failed (31). As with anyones reaction, Clarissa was hurt she was left out, which served to reduce her low worth even more. She is resentful and unhappy, feeling she has failed her husband socially. Yet, as always, Clarissa hides these feelings. Even her maid Lucy, who is around her more than anyone, cannot detect it, but considers her, Of all [the ladies], her mistress was loveliest[and] gave her a sense, as she laid the paper knife o n the inlaid table, of something achieved (38). This is the appearance Clarissa tries to present; yet in reality, she does not feel any sense of achievement.Clarissa is also unhappy in her marriage to Richard. While she may love him, there is definitely something lacking. During her illness, Clarissa would sleep in the attic bedroom to be undisturbed. It was there that Clarissa would read many books. Yet, even as her health improved, Richard still suggested she remain there. When Clarissa admits, And really she [Clarissa] preferred to read of the retreat from Moscow, she reveals her preference to be away from Richard at night (31). It is obvious that there is no connection between Richard and Clarissa. However, there is a connection between Clarissa and Peter, her boyfriend when she was a young woman. This becomes obvious because Richard is not notably mentioned until half way through the novel, while Peter is mentioned many times from the onset. When Peter visits Clarissa, after many years of being away in India, he has a hard time concealing his love for Clarissa and begins to cry. Clarissa leant forward, taken his hand, drawn him to her, kissed him (46). If Clarissa had no love in her heart for Peter, she never would have responded with such tenderness and affection. Afterwards, it occurred to her, If I had married him, this gaiety would have been mine all day (47). Clarissa realizes it was a mistake to break up with Peter and marry Richard.Clarissa Dalloway is a middle-aged, upper class British woman. Throughout the novel it is apparent that Clarissa puts aside her happiness and devotes herself to assuring her high status in society. In the early 1900s, British culture emphasized class and judged a person based on social standing. Upper class members were expected to dress, act and speak in a specific manner or risk being outcast. This explains why Clarissa behaved in the way she did. It was more important for her to marry Richard and gain acceptance, than to marry Peter and live happily. Virginia Woolf is trying to portray the difficulties that an upper-class woman faced in British society and how a particular woman reacted to them. She is also criticizing British mores and the rigid social system by exemplifying the struggles and conflicts that one must endure in order to conform to certain expectations and ultimately achieve social acceptance.

Where Is Calcium Found On The Periodic Table

The Policy Pressure Ulcer Prevention And Managing Skin...

Present the Evidence for Practice Guidelines related to Pressure Ulcer Prevention The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the policy Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Managing Skin Integrity is supported by and what needs to be changed as according to the evidence. Introduction A pressure ulcer is a localized injury to the skin usually over bony prominence, as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear. It is estimated that 5 to 10 percent of patient admitted to the hospital acquire a pressure ulcer and it result in increased suffering, morbidity and mortality. The policy titled Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Managing Skin integrity provides direction for the nurses to prevent the development of pressure ulcer. It†¦show more content†¦The National Guideline Clearinghouse has accepted the WOCN and RNAO guidelines and as a result they are widely used by the healthcare professionals. The goal is to provide the healthcare professionals with a tool to provide evidence based care for prevention and management of pressure ulcers. The guidelines were develop by extensive research that was conducted by the authors. The authors search the online databases like MEDLINE and CINAHAL for meta-analyses, randomized controlled trails, prospective clinical trials, retrospective studies, and systemic reviews. Once the articles were selected and carefully evaluated guidelines were develop giving recommendation is three areas: assessment, prevention, and treatment of pressure ulcer (Ratliff Tomaselli, 2010). Guidelines are develop by careful research analysis and provide the most reliable evidence-based tool that could be used to prevent the pressure ulcers. These guidelines that are carefully developed could be used to change the hospital policy because each of them is based on the highest evidence available. They provide recommendation on managing the condition and could decrease the occurrence of developing pressure ulcers. Therefore, guidelines provide strong information to change the hospital policy if it is necessary. Recommendations The

Professional Practice and Ethics for Health- MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProfessional Practice and Ethics for Health. Answer: Health care is a profession which is guided by ethics. There are ethical principles which govern the operation of healthcare practitioners. One of the major ethical considerations to be made during healthcareservice delivery is privacy. According to the principle of privacy, healthcare practitioners should not disclose private health information a patient to any other unauthorized parties. Any such violations are not only unethical, but illegal and can be punishable by a court of law. It is true that privacy is related to autonomy. Seedhouses argument on the relationship between privacy and autonomy is therefore right. Autonomy should be created and respected because it is an important aspect of healthcare service-delivery that should never be isolated nor omitted. When attending to a patient, a healthcare provider should respect the privacy of the patient. Any private health-related information should be kept secret by not disclosing it to any other person or people. Whenever a healthcare provider decides to disclose the information, he should be liable for punishment (Burston Tuckett, 2013). This is what happened in the case study when the patient accused the nurse for disclosing his private health information to his close friend. The nurse acted unprofessionally because he violated the laws and ethical values governing the conduct of healthcare practitioners. A nurse should be ready to abide by the principles of autonomy when given a chance to serve patients. According to autonomy, the nurse is supposed to allow a patient to contribute in the treatment process either through consent or participation in the decision making process. The nurse should consider a patient as a person whose autonomy is respected. Despite having a healthcare issue to be addressed, the nurse should not assume to be a supreme authority that makes all the decisions on his or her own. Instead, the patient should be adequately informed and allowed to give opinion regarding the kind of intervention to be provided. This shows that the nurse should be involved in the creation and respect of the patients autonomy (Morrison, M. Gillett, G. (2014).. The idea of Seedhouse should therefore be applied because it is justifiable and can help in creating accountability and responsibility in the healthcare profession. Healthcare services can be of great impact if based on the principle of patient-centeredness. This is what Seedhouse had in mind when advocating for the creation and respect of autonomy. The nurse who leaked the patients private information did not comply with the creation and respect of patients autonomy. His actions were unjustifiable because they show that he is not concerned about the satisfaction of the patient. All nurses should abide by the principles of autonomy and confidentiality. They are important because if properly applied, they can help in guaranteeing high quality services which can satisfy the needs of the patient (Diane, 2013). Autonomy and confidentiality can win the confidence of the patient and make them to have faith in the healthcare provider, services rendered and the organization to which he is affiliated. Health care is a very interesting discipline. It gives practitioners an opportunity to handle peoples life. This implies that it is a challenging profession which requires practitioners to, among other things; strictly abide by the ethical principles governing the conduct of healthcare practitioners. As a student of Dental Therapy and Dental Hygiene, I am looking forward to be a competent practitioner who does not disappoint when entrusted with the patients lives. In order to be an ideal professional, I will have to apply all the ethical principle and values in the discipline. When I joined this course, I got an opportunity to learn a lot about ethics in health care. The first lesson I learnt is about the ethical principle of beneficence. Here, I got to acquire a new knowledge that all healthcare providers should be committed to delivering quality services that do not cause harm at all to the patient. Besides, I learnt about the ethical principle of non-malefiscence. Here, I got a chance to be taught that all healthcare practitioners should not cause any harm to the patient. The delivery of a harm-free healthcare service can be of great value to the patient (O'Brien, et al., 2014). Lastly, I learnt about the ethical principle of autonomy. According to this principle, healthcare providers should work in collaboration with the patients. The principle of beneficence is appropriate in a healthcare setting. It is a new knowledge that I will not fail to apply in my practice because it will enable me to provide satisfactory services to the patients. Therefore, whenever given authority to attend to a patient, I will ensure that I do not disappoint at all. What I will do is that I will deliver a safe service which can protect the life of the patient at all times. It is for this reason that I agree that this lesson was a good one. Once a patient allows a practitioner to serve him, it should be upon the practitioner to provide services which can positively contribute towards the improvement of health status by eliminating pain and enhancing the speed of recovery (Kangasniemi, Pakkanen Korhonen, 2015). For example, when a patient comes to the facility, I will have to immediately assess the condition, document the findings, and provide the most appropriate intervention. If I do this, I will not cause any harm on the patient, but only help them to minimize pain and be on the right path of a quick recovery. The ethical principle of autonomy is also relevant to my practice as a Dental Hygienist. When I complete my studies, I will have to apply the lessons learnt in this course. Before attending to any patient, I will have to acknowledge that they have a right to be involved in the treatment process. I will not do anything without seeking for the opinion of the patient (Larner Carter, 2016). It is only after getting the consent of the patient that I will perform interventions including assessment, injection, prescription of medications, and performance of any major or minor procedures on the patient. A will do this because t is an ethical value that should be promoted in all the healthcare practitioners. As a practitioner who is committed to applying all the ethical principles of the healthcare profession, I will not hesitate to seek for the opinion of my patients before engaging in any procedure (Harding, 2013). The course has enlightened me to know that I should never assume the patien t, but be ready to get a formal consent at all times. It is an ethical value that I will always uphold during my practice. References Burston, A.S. Tuckett, A.G., (2013). Moral distress in nursing: contributing factors, outcomes and interventions. Nursing Ethics, 20(3), pp.312-324. Diane, L.H., (2013). Leadership Nursing Care Management 5th Ed. New York: SaundersPublishers. Harding, T., (2013). Cultural safety: A vital element for nursing ethics. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 29(1), 4-12. Kangasniemi, M., Pakkanen, P. Korhonen, A., (2015). Professional ethics in nursing: an integrative review. Journal of advanced nursing, 71(8), pp.1744-1757. Larner, E. Carter, R., (2016). The issue of consent in medical practice. British journal of haematology, 172(2), pp.300-304. Morrison, M. Gillett, G. (2014). Is a cleft lip and palate a serious" handicap"? Jepson v Chief Constable of West Mercia--a legal and ethical critique. Journal of law and medicine,22(2), pp.290-301. O'Brien, A., et al., (2014). Evaluating the preceptor role for pre-registration nursing and midwifery student clinical education. Nurse education today, 34(1), 19-24.

Machiavelli’s Life and Principles Essay Example

Machiavelli’s Life and Principles Essay Name: Tutor: Course: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Machiavelli’s Life and Principles specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Machiavelli’s Life and Principles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Machiavelli’s Life and Principles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Machiavelli’s Life and Principles Niccolo Machiavelli was an Italian scholar renowned for his military understanding and his views on leadership. Over his lifetime, he wrote many famous texts that scholars still revere top this day. His most famous work was The Prince, a title that mostly discusses the dynamics of power. In many of his works, Machiavelli discussed the different ways that a leader should behave and the values and attributes that they should have. Machiavelli practiced his own advice whenever he got the opportunity to do so. In The Prince, Machiavelli outlines the different ways that princes can succeed. He achieves this by using examples to show different successes in gaining and keeping power. One of the things that Machiavelli wrote about was the acquisition of power. Machiavelli claimed that it was best to use arms and virtue because when a prince acquired territory using his own troops and strengths, it would be easier for them to retain control of the land. One thing to note is that for Machiavelli, virtue mainly meant manliness and strength. Machiavelli also claimed that a leader should have evil qualities because that way it would be easier to hold on to power. For instance, he argued that it was better to be feared, but not hated, than to be loved. Lastly, he stated that a prince did not need to be trustworthy. In his life, Machiavelli adhered to some of the principles that he explains in his writings. Using his intellect and skills, he gained a series of promotions that helped him rise through the ranks of government in Florence. At one point he was in a close to the chief magistrate of Florence and in this position, he pushed for the use of local militia in the state. This conformed to one of the ideals that he stated in The Prince on the rejection of mercenaries in favor of local armies. When Florence had its own militia, Machiavelli was placed in charge of the militia. In this position, he showed great military understanding to capture Pisa (Unger 163). After Machiavelli lost his position, he was never able to rise to the same level of political prestige and was thus unable to apply his own principles. Work Cited Unger, Miles. Machiavelli: A Biography. New York, NY: Simon Schuster, 2011. Print. Class Struggles in the Contemporary World Scholars widely consider Karl Marx to be the father of Communism. His thoughts, works and ideas inspired leaders and political figures such as Josef Stalin, Vladimir Lenin and Mao Zedong. Marx’s works touched on a large number of issues affecting humanity such as governance, equality and wealth. To explain some of these issues, Marx introduced the concept of class struggles, or class conflict, to explain many of the issues that Europe was grappling with at its time. In his view, that many of the problems that were in Europe at the time, such as poverty, crime, war and unemployment could be explained by analyzing the concept of class conflict. Many of the issues that Marx talked about are still relevant in the contemporary world. Governments all over the globe are still struggling to deal with poverty, crime and unemployment and some of these crises seem to be worsening by the day. Class conflict can still be applied in the contemporary world to explain many of the problems th at humanity is facing. To explain class conflict, Karl Marx started by introducing two classes, the bourgeoisie and the proletarians. The bourgeoisie were the capitalists who owned Europe’s means of production. This meant that they were the richest people, had strong political connections and were the employers of the wage laborers (Marx and Engels 14). Marx argued that this class arose from the feudal society that had previously been in place in Europe (14). The feudal class had instituted class antagonisms and following its revival as the bourgeoisie, it was coming up with a new way of oppressing the people in lower socio-economic classes. The fresh system instituted new classes, methods of oppression and struggles within Europe (Marx and Engels 14). In contrast, Marx referred to Europe’s working class as the proletariat. This class provided the wage labor and worked in the companies owned by the bourgeoisie. Since they had no capital or means of production, these people were forced to provide labor for the upper classes as their only way of making a living (Marx and Engels 14). History shows that the feudal class, which became the bourgeoisie, had also been oppressing the working class in the previous feudal systems. This had come after most communities in Europe and Asia abolished the systems of common land ownership and replaced them with structures that created the antagonistic classes that Marx was discussing (Marx and Engels 14). Within this context, Marx explained that there was a perpetual struggle and conflict between the two main classes. The bourgeoisie and the proletariat were constantly in opposition to each other and this struggle between them played out in a persisting fight that took place in the background of their daily relations. Marx argued that history had seen people occupying positions of slaves, serfs and plebeians engaged in a constant struggle with their opposites such as freemen, lords and patricians (14). At the time that Marx was developing this theory, many of these positions had changed. The introduction of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat had made class struggles a much simpler concept to grasp. The divisions within society were limited to the two groups, with the classes consistently becoming larger as they simultaneously grew further apart. Capitalism grew hand in hand with class conflict, and it allowed the bourgeoisie to expand their industries and employ more people from the working class (Dahrendorf 5) The class conflict that Marx described was mainly the result of contrasting fortunes between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Marx argued that the upper classes, needed to revolutionize the means of production to ensure that they remained at the top of the system. This was followed by the domination of global trade and the world market to create consumption for the products that their industries created. This system continually expanded into a massive global force that forced the bourgeoisie to spread and settle in other parts of the globe (Marx and Engels 16). Since the bourgeoisie employed the working class in the industries and other means of production, the proletariat grew along with the system that the upper class was instituting. Marx claimed that the situation was very different for the proletariat (18). In their case, they could only survive as long as they found work and they were only employable as long as their labor created capital for the bourgeoisie. Additionally, the use of advanced technology had taken away the pride that workers formerly had in their work (Marx and Engels 18). This contrasting situation created a lot of tension between the two classes as the proletariat felt that the bourgeoisie was using them to advance its position at their expense. One of the key issues surrounding class conflict was inequality. Karl Marx felt that the situation with the bourgeoisie and the proletariat created a lot of inequality between the two classes. The proletariat worked hard within the industries owned by the upper classes, but were paid meager wages. In contrast, the bourgeoisie were able to make large profits from their industries through systems that Marx argued were oppressive. For instance, by underpaying their employees, the companies were able to make sure that the profits that they made were larger. Additionally, these profits all went to the bourgeoisie meaning that regardless of how well the industries did, the working class would still earn the same salary. In the modern world, inequality still exists in various forms. Racial prejudice and sexism are good examples of inequality. For some scholars, the reality is that there can never be a society or community in which all men, women and children are afforded equal chances (Dahrendorf 23). There are varying reasons for these disparities, with some people arguing that the diversity found in society cannot allow there to be complete equality. Within a single community, there exists a wide range of tasks that need to be done along with a large number of diverse interests and abilities. A combination of these factors is what causes the inequality (Dahrendorf 23). However, this still does not explain the reason why some members of society place themselves in positions of complete dominance over others by using oppressive systems such as the one that Marx described. Dahrendorf argues that in the modern world, the shape of class conflict has changed in some ways (24). During Marx’s time, the conflict was typified by a system of social immobility that was deeply entrenched with European society. The problem then was not just that the system oppressed the working class, but that the proletariat had no chances of moving upwards towards a higher social class. The structures within society confined them to an unsatisfactory life of hard labor and low wages. The situation is different in the modern world. The issue of entitlement has substituted that of social mobility (Dahrendorf 27). Class conflict is now about the status that people hold in society and the different opportunities attached to those positions. One real problem involving inequality in the modern world is income disparity. Income disparity can be used to show the inequality that causes class struggles within the same economic context that Marx used to apply the situation. The American society is currently struggling to contain a growing gap between the top earners and the bottom earners in the nation’s economy. The end of the World Wars and the economic depression that came in between them saw the American government develop economic policies that were supposed to deal with the issue of income inequality (Schmitt 1). The policies were able to cause a reduction in this disparity but the 1970s saw all of the progress come undone. Income disparity in the country started to rise again and this trend has continued to this day. Subsequent economic scandals and crises such as the late 2000s recession have worsened the situation making it harder for American’s in the lower social classes to cope in the prevailing econo mic conditions (Schmitt 1). Class conflict helps to explain these disparities in many ways. Firstly, the American economy still relies on a capitalist system. The only change that has happened is that the structure is no longer centered on means of production but on financial systems (Foster and Holleman 191). The oppressive systems that Marx described in his works still exist, albeit in a different form. The bourgeoisie now depend on other systems to dominate society. The capitalist systems have allowed the upper classes to control national, regional and global economy and this has caused friction between them and the working class (Foster and Holleman 192). Class conflict also explains this income inequality by showing that there is a competition between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat where the former are trying to sustain the status quo in their favor while the latter keep trying to gain dominance over the other. This conflict has translated itself into tensions between the two classes as the workers pu sh for governments to increase taxes on the higher classes. This whole situation has seen different presidents elected around the world on campaigns that appear to be against the rich (Schuman 1). In other cases, the tensions have escalated into mass protests against financial institutions and other organizations that are deemed to be under the control of the upper class (Leavitt 2). There are several arguments that can be made against the idea that class conflict still applies in the world today. Firstly, society has evolved over the past few years, leading to the formation of new classes that do not fall under the categorization of either bourgeoisie or proletariat. The rise of the middle class is a good example of these changes within the class system that is now found in the world. The middle class is usually seen to be apathetic and uninvolved in the struggle between the classes and this opposes the ideas put forward by Marx in some ways. One of the reasons why the middle class are uninvolved in the struggle is the fact that they are trying to break into the bourgeoisie as opposed to bringing it down. Another counter argument to Marx’s theories entails the fact that there have always been members of the lower classes who are in control of some means of production. These people may not have owned large industries or companies but they were employers themselves and they were not struggling as much as their companions were even though they were employed as wage laborers by the bourgeoisie. Dahrendorf notes that this contradiction was there when Marx was coming up with his views, even though his works completely failed to acknowledge the existence of these people (9). The fact that some workers are capable of owning their own businesses and industries negates one of the key arguments that Marx made concerning chances and opportunities within a class system. This situation implies that there are possibilities for the working class to create their own industries and take control of some means of production. It also suggests that social mobility was not as limited as Marx made it to be. The concept of class conflict has influenced political discourse within society for years and years. Karl Marx came up with the idea as a way of explaining the different issues that were affecting European society during the nineteenth century. Even though the concept was developed almost two centuries ago, the ideas it held still apply today. Our societies are still divided into social classes, and these divisions have been the cause of a perpetual state of conflict and never ending tension. The same problems that created the class conflict still exist today, as different countries are struggling to deal with inequality, particularly in the incomes earned by different citizens. These disparities have worsened the situation, as the conflict between the two classes has been brought out in the open. Works Cited Dahrendorf, Ralf. The Modern Social Conflict: The Politics of Liberty. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers, 2008. Print. Foster, John Bellamy and Hannah Holleman. â€Å"The financialization of the capitalist class: Monopoly-finance capital and the new contradictory relations of ruling class power.† Imperialism, Crisis and Class Struggle: The Enduring Verities and Contemporary Face of Capitalism. Ed. James F. Petras and Henry Veltmeyer. Leiden: Brill, 2010. 191-202. Print. Leavitt, Gregory C. Class Conflict: The Pursuit and History of American Justice. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2013. Print. Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. The Communist Manifesto. London: Pluto, 2008. Print. Schmitt, John. Inequality as policy: The United States since 1979. Real-World Economics Review 51.1 (2009): 1-9. Print. Schuman, Michael. â€Å"Marx’s revenge: How class struggle is shaping the world†. Time. Time Inc. 25 Mar. 2013. Web. 19 Nov. 2013.