How to Make a Reaction Paper

Step by step instructions to Make a Reaction Paper Step by step instructions to Make a Reaction Paper How to Make a Reaction Paper Well-Structured and Interesting How to make a response paper? It is the first inquiry that shows up in quite a while mind when the individual in question gets such an undertaking. It is very clear why it is so! Albeit a response paper is definitely not a huge scholarly paper (it ought to be no bigger than 5 pages), its composing takes some time. It isn't simply communicating of an understudies contemplations about something the individual in question has perused or seen. It ought to be a very much organized, clear paper that satisfies all the necessities of a specific configuration. Things being what they are, how to make a response paper so that it will be a great scholastic paper? The tips given in this article will assist you with adapting to such an assignment! How to make a response paper very much organized? You should remember that any response paper should comprise of 3 fundamental constituent parts: the presentation, the primary body and the end. These parts ought to be interrelated. Every one of them ought to contain certain data. The principle point of the acquaintance is with present a subject of your response paper. In this way, in this part you should state what you are talking about. You should make reference to, most importantly, what your paper is based on:the title of a book (an article, an exploration paper or some other perusing) or a film; the name of the writer (the author, the researcher) or the chief; the distribution information or the spot of the shooting (of a film). Feature the primary concerns of the work: what it is about, what issues it addresses. A proposition articulation of your response paper ought to likewise be expressed in the introduction.The primary body should comprise of a few passages every one of that help your postulation explanation. Here you talk about the issue concerned, express your demeanor to the creators sentiment (you may concur or differ with their perspective or you may even in clude something). The end ought to sum up your response paper: rehash your thoughts or express your general impression about the work. How to make a response paper fascinating? You ought to comprehend that your response paper ought in addition to the fact that well be sorted out intriguing too. Thus, how to make a response paper interesting?Use different models concerning the issue. They might be from your own understanding. Utilize various citations from the work. They can demonstrate your feeling as well as make the difficult all the more clear for the crowd. Anyway, this data will assist you with responding to the inquiry how to make a response paper great? On the off chance that you don't have the foggiest idea how to compose a response paper and search for help, you are free to address us! We can generally give you proficient assistance recorded as a hard copy any sort of task papers, specifically response papers.

Food Crisis Essay Example for Free

Food Crisis Essay As per World Bank, they accuse that the food emergency in Africa are causing in terms of professional career hindrance. A great deal of nations in Africa are confined bringing in food from the fringe. Because of unfertilized land in a great deal of parts in Africa, it makes individuals demoralize to be a rancher, so the food gracefully is less. Notwithstanding, African populace is expanding quickly. Thusly, the interest for food will simply continue expanding. Thus, the interest for food would surpass flexibly for food in Africa. Before I proceed onward to the following models, I have to clarify about the aftereffect of the interest surpass flexibly. Indistinguishable items around the globe should fix in the law of one value, which imply that the indistinguishable items should sell at a similar cost far and wide. This is in such a case that it isn't a similar value, the nation that sell significant expense would go to purchase the low value item from another nation and offer it to their nation. Consequently, the nation that sell item for low cost with get an outcome in expanding request which bring about expanding in cost. The flexibly at the significant expense item will be more since individuals import to sell in nation, which bring about diminishing in cost. At the outcome, the two nations will sell item at a similar cost. This will cause the exporter by the remainder of the world need to sell the item at a similar value (world cost). Along these lines, we can attract it the chart as vertical lines while the gracefully in the nation as an upward-inclining and the interest is descending slanting, however food is fundamental item, so the line ought to be progressively inelastic. Presently we can plot the entirety of this in to a chart, and a diagram will resemble this. The import is flat a direct result of the world cost, so they have to flexibly at this cost. As should be obvious from the diagram, the import is confine at just the limited quantity as indicated by Africa, just 5 percent of the food import, which bringing about interest surpassing flexibly, so we can apply this to the food emergency in terms of professional career limitation. Accordingly, the cost of food is expanding on the grounds that there is appeal for food than gracefully in Africa, while the rancher isn't empowering by the legislature in light of the fact that lone a little benefit goes to them despite the fact that the cost is high because of the administration arrangement, so he Africa individuals experience the ill effects of craving because of the exorbitant cost of food. Africa that face food emergency, yet additionally the world is endured during 2008. As indicated by Europe, they guarantee that the world food emergency is on the grounds that the exchange limitation of numerous nations the world, for example, Argentina, Russia, Japan and South Korea. These exchange limitations cause the cost of food on the planet to increment. Individuals can't manage the cost of the significant expense. Along these lines, the food emergency happens and endures numerous nations around the globe. Food emergency happen in the nation may prompt other issue. For instance, the dissent in Egypt additionally cause by bringing cost of food up in the nation on account of exchange limitation. In long haul answer for illuminate food emergency ought to be that the administration ought not intercede food cost since food is fundamental item; they pick confine on the superfluous item, for example, cigarette or liquor. 20 million individuals in Africa are experiencing hunger these days because of this food emergency causing in terms of professional career limitation.

Organization Theory Modern - Symbolic And Postmodern

Question: Talk about the Organization Theory for Modern, Symbolic and Postmodern. Answer: Presentation: The efficiency of the association is totally relies upon cooperation with its condition, drawing certain contributions from nature and changing these to yields cap are offered to the earth. As indicated by Scott and Davis (2015), overseeing association is an aggregate activity whose good condition works with a few factors incorporate representatives, clients, providers and even the opposition for do research, improvement and benefit. In this manner, the achievement of its favored state is subject to the effectiveness with which the firm does this procedure of creation. Be that as it may, ordinary speculations saw firms as shut and segregated frameworks. As indicated by Cummings and Worley (2014), ordinary hypothesis dismissed outside ecological impacts before the 1960s, so much scientist and researchers started to grasp arrangement of open business condition to present outside powers that impact the board associations incorporate social/political changes, catastrophic events, etc. Ac cordingly, the open framework model is about communication with its condition by trading material, vitality and data with focuses on recharging of the framework and development (Hatch and Cunliffe 2013). Conversation: I have increased a ton of experience by performing under the open frameworks the board approach in the ABC constrained. The organization is occupied with retail condition. Being related with such association, I have comprehended that when a cooperation with a situation do happen consistently while working together tasks and trades and procedures criticism, at that point that approach will be called as Open System Management Approach. The best part about this model is that the controllers of open frameworks have focus on their outside condition, in-house condition and needs of clients and responses. Presently I have a reasonable thought that there are a few conditions and activities happens to reach at comparable outcomes. Rehearsing under this methodology, I am presently gotten equipped for working under the notion that clients can get a definitive outcomes by keeping up an immediate relationship with circumstances and logical results. At the end of the day, a business doesn't have l imitations over ecological powers, it depends on supposition and possibilities to adapt to surprising information (Burke 2013). For example, the catastrophic event makes calculated issue in retail business activity, causing misfortune creation and diminished benefit. The Open System approach gives a reasonable thought regarding the whole institutional segments, sets of firms, singular associations, units or divisions inside associations (Miller and Rice 2013). The center framework segments which are utilized for overseeing ABC Ltd are firms practices and procedures to win the examples of connection among gatherings and person. By utilizing innovation demonstrates instruments, types of gear, strategies and procedures for handling include and change them into yields. Another center part, condition is about outer associations and conditions. Here it is to be sure imperative to keep up solid connections between people, gatherings and bigger units. In this manner hierarchical structure is basic in the Open System model. Finally, an open framework elements helps in getting inputs of data and requests inside outside associations. By conveying exercises under this methodology, the OS model shows us a few noteworthy variables assisted with increasing around a few significant thoughts which are as per the following: Right off the bat, the ordinary structure of OS can be utilized by various degrees of examination. Besides, any recognized hierarchical framework might be treated as being made out of parts of autonomous nature. Thirdly, on the off chance that the reliant segments or capacities are considered as poor fit, at that point insufficiency may show up and hierarchical viability bound to be endured. Fourthly, there is an enormous reliance on the associations capacity of adjust to its condition with the adequacy of the association. In any case, it is trying to searching for an ideal situation in which to work. Fifthly, ABC utilized a large number of their retail administration, merchandise and thoughts to convey to their purchasers as contributions to upkeep or development Sixthly, we, being workers, are the most fundamental assets of the open administration framework approach. Seventhly, the OS model instructed us that a viability of ABC Ltd rely upon maintainability on its capacity to achieve requirements of the interior framework. This incorporates individuals who are approved to perform into the association, leading procedures of change, and dealing with operational exercises just as the adjustment to its condition (Cummings and Worley 2014). Finally, it is the center element of the model that a steady advancement in and outside of the ABC has been produced a great deal of weight for changes just as discharging powers for maintainability. End: In light of my experience I can presume that Open framework the board approach advance powerful critical thinking by explaining the more extensive point of view. By embracing this methodology associations will follow a sure conveyance way to deal with oversee association and can manages better comprehension by potential administration and viable administration by getting ceaseless reactions and criticisms of the structure of the association. References: Burke, W.W., 2013. Association change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Cummings, T.G. also, Worley, C.G., 2014. Association improvement and change. Cengage learning. Incubate, M.J. furthermore, Cunliffe, A.L., 2013. Association hypothesis: present day, emblematic and postmodern points of view. Oxford college press. Mill operator, E.J. also, Rice, A.K. eds., 2013. Frameworks of association: The control of undertaking and aware limits. Routledge. Scott, W.R. also, Davis, G.F., 2015. Associations and arranging: Rational, regular and open frameworks points of view. Routledge.

More Than A Woman - Literature Essay Samples

Each individual has an outward part of her personality that is revealed to others and an inward part which is kept solely to herself. Consequently, there is a contrast between the appearance of a person and the reality of whom that person really is. In her novel Mrs. Dalloway, Virginia Woolf presents the theme of appearance versus reality through the thoughts and actions of the novels protagonist, Clarissa Dalloway. The novel reveals a single day of Mrs. Dalloways life, reflecting her memories of the past and her encounters of the present. As the story unravels, it is clear that Clarissas appearance and behavior on the surface is not at all consistent with how she feels on the inside. On the surface, Clarissa appears to be of regal countenance and composed. However, in reality, she is unhappy and unsatisfied with many aspects of her life, including physical appearance, social status, and her marriage. As a result of Clarissas inability to share herself with others, the people that purport to be her friends do not really know and understand the true Mrs. Dalloway.On the exterior, Clarissa appears to a beautiful, happy and confident 50-year-old woman. Yet on the inside she is really filled with many fears and doubts. She does not like her appearance or the person she has become. While on an outing, Clarissa wishfully imagines she could begin her life over, revealing she would have looked even differently (10). When she compares herself to Lady Bexborough, she reveals her true feeling about herself. Clarissa would gladly trade her outward appearance for Lady Bexboroughs looks, claiming, She would have been, like Lady Bexborough, slow and stately; rather large; interested in politics like a man; with a country house; very dignified, very sincere (10). Although Clarissa is attractive for a woman of fifty, she has a very low self-esteem. She is even unsatisfied with her body, describing it as, this body, with all its capacities, seemed nothingnothing at all (10). In addition to her appearance, Clarissa does not like the person she has become. She is upset that she cannot do things simply for her own personal pleasure. Instead half the time she did things not simply for themselves; but to make people think this or that (10). Clarissas self worth is so low, she sacrifices her individuality to become liked by others. Yet, Clarissa masks her melancholy well. She always holds herself light, tall, and very upright, so she appears on the outside to be a confident woman (12).However, Clarissa is not only unhappy with her looks, but also with her place in society. One of Clarissas fears is that she might one day become forgotten and no longer appreciated. Clarissa dreads this is imminent, explaining,She had the oddest sense of being herself invisible, unseen; unknown; there being no more marrying, no more having children now, but only this astonishing and rather solemn progress with the rest of them, up Bond Street, this being Mrs. Dalloway; not even Clarissa any more; this being Mrs. Richard Dalloway (10-11).Clarissa is upset and worried that she will become forgotten and only known as the wife of Richard Dalloway. Yet, she is aware that she gave up all individuality when marrying Richard, and now her identity is procured through her husband. Clarissa dwells on her lack of importance to herself, as well as others. When Clarissas husband was invited to lunch with Lady Bruton, omitting herself, it made her feel, shriveled, aged, breastlessout of her body and brain which now failed (31). As with anyones reaction, Clarissa was hurt she was left out, which served to reduce her low worth even more. She is resentful and unhappy, feeling she has failed her husband socially. Yet, as always, Clarissa hides these feelings. Even her maid Lucy, who is around her more than anyone, cannot detect it, but considers her, Of all [the ladies], her mistress was loveliest[and] gave her a sense, as she laid the paper knife o n the inlaid table, of something achieved (38). This is the appearance Clarissa tries to present; yet in reality, she does not feel any sense of achievement.Clarissa is also unhappy in her marriage to Richard. While she may love him, there is definitely something lacking. During her illness, Clarissa would sleep in the attic bedroom to be undisturbed. It was there that Clarissa would read many books. Yet, even as her health improved, Richard still suggested she remain there. When Clarissa admits, And really she [Clarissa] preferred to read of the retreat from Moscow, she reveals her preference to be away from Richard at night (31). It is obvious that there is no connection between Richard and Clarissa. However, there is a connection between Clarissa and Peter, her boyfriend when she was a young woman. This becomes obvious because Richard is not notably mentioned until half way through the novel, while Peter is mentioned many times from the onset. When Peter visits Clarissa, after many years of being away in India, he has a hard time concealing his love for Clarissa and begins to cry. Clarissa leant forward, taken his hand, drawn him to her, kissed him (46). If Clarissa had no love in her heart for Peter, she never would have responded with such tenderness and affection. Afterwards, it occurred to her, If I had married him, this gaiety would have been mine all day (47). Clarissa realizes it was a mistake to break up with Peter and marry Richard.Clarissa Dalloway is a middle-aged, upper class British woman. Throughout the novel it is apparent that Clarissa puts aside her happiness and devotes herself to assuring her high status in society. In the early 1900s, British culture emphasized class and judged a person based on social standing. Upper class members were expected to dress, act and speak in a specific manner or risk being outcast. This explains why Clarissa behaved in the way she did. It was more important for her to marry Richard and gain acceptance, than to marry Peter and live happily. Virginia Woolf is trying to portray the difficulties that an upper-class woman faced in British society and how a particular woman reacted to them. She is also criticizing British mores and the rigid social system by exemplifying the struggles and conflicts that one must endure in order to conform to certain expectations and ultimately achieve social acceptance.

Where Is Calcium Found On The Periodic Table

The Policy Pressure Ulcer Prevention And Managing Skin...

Present the Evidence for Practice Guidelines related to Pressure Ulcer Prevention The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the policy Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Managing Skin Integrity is supported by and what needs to be changed as according to the evidence. Introduction A pressure ulcer is a localized injury to the skin usually over bony prominence, as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear. It is estimated that 5 to 10 percent of patient admitted to the hospital acquire a pressure ulcer and it result in increased suffering, morbidity and mortality. The policy titled Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Managing Skin integrity provides direction for the nurses to prevent the development of pressure ulcer. It†¦show more content†¦The National Guideline Clearinghouse has accepted the WOCN and RNAO guidelines and as a result they are widely used by the healthcare professionals. The goal is to provide the healthcare professionals with a tool to provide evidence based care for prevention and management of pressure ulcers. The guidelines were develop by extensive research that was conducted by the authors. The authors search the online databases like MEDLINE and CINAHAL for meta-analyses, randomized controlled trails, prospective clinical trials, retrospective studies, and systemic reviews. Once the articles were selected and carefully evaluated guidelines were develop giving recommendation is three areas: assessment, prevention, and treatment of pressure ulcer (Ratliff Tomaselli, 2010). Guidelines are develop by careful research analysis and provide the most reliable evidence-based tool that could be used to prevent the pressure ulcers. These guidelines that are carefully developed could be used to change the hospital policy because each of them is based on the highest evidence available. They provide recommendation on managing the condition and could decrease the occurrence of developing pressure ulcers. Therefore, guidelines provide strong information to change the hospital policy if it is necessary. Recommendations The

Professional Practice and Ethics for Health- MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProfessional Practice and Ethics for Health. Answer: Health care is a profession which is guided by ethics. There are ethical principles which govern the operation of healthcare practitioners. One of the major ethical considerations to be made during healthcareservice delivery is privacy. According to the principle of privacy, healthcare practitioners should not disclose private health information a patient to any other unauthorized parties. Any such violations are not only unethical, but illegal and can be punishable by a court of law. It is true that privacy is related to autonomy. Seedhouses argument on the relationship between privacy and autonomy is therefore right. Autonomy should be created and respected because it is an important aspect of healthcare service-delivery that should never be isolated nor omitted. When attending to a patient, a healthcare provider should respect the privacy of the patient. Any private health-related information should be kept secret by not disclosing it to any other person or people. Whenever a healthcare provider decides to disclose the information, he should be liable for punishment (Burston Tuckett, 2013). This is what happened in the case study when the patient accused the nurse for disclosing his private health information to his close friend. The nurse acted unprofessionally because he violated the laws and ethical values governing the conduct of healthcare practitioners. A nurse should be ready to abide by the principles of autonomy when given a chance to serve patients. According to autonomy, the nurse is supposed to allow a patient to contribute in the treatment process either through consent or participation in the decision making process. The nurse should consider a patient as a person whose autonomy is respected. Despite having a healthcare issue to be addressed, the nurse should not assume to be a supreme authority that makes all the decisions on his or her own. Instead, the patient should be adequately informed and allowed to give opinion regarding the kind of intervention to be provided. This shows that the nurse should be involved in the creation and respect of the patients autonomy (Morrison, M. Gillett, G. (2014).. The idea of Seedhouse should therefore be applied because it is justifiable and can help in creating accountability and responsibility in the healthcare profession. Healthcare services can be of great impact if based on the principle of patient-centeredness. This is what Seedhouse had in mind when advocating for the creation and respect of autonomy. The nurse who leaked the patients private information did not comply with the creation and respect of patients autonomy. His actions were unjustifiable because they show that he is not concerned about the satisfaction of the patient. All nurses should abide by the principles of autonomy and confidentiality. They are important because if properly applied, they can help in guaranteeing high quality services which can satisfy the needs of the patient (Diane, 2013). Autonomy and confidentiality can win the confidence of the patient and make them to have faith in the healthcare provider, services rendered and the organization to which he is affiliated. Health care is a very interesting discipline. It gives practitioners an opportunity to handle peoples life. This implies that it is a challenging profession which requires practitioners to, among other things; strictly abide by the ethical principles governing the conduct of healthcare practitioners. As a student of Dental Therapy and Dental Hygiene, I am looking forward to be a competent practitioner who does not disappoint when entrusted with the patients lives. In order to be an ideal professional, I will have to apply all the ethical principle and values in the discipline. When I joined this course, I got an opportunity to learn a lot about ethics in health care. The first lesson I learnt is about the ethical principle of beneficence. Here, I got to acquire a new knowledge that all healthcare providers should be committed to delivering quality services that do not cause harm at all to the patient. Besides, I learnt about the ethical principle of non-malefiscence. Here, I got a chance to be taught that all healthcare practitioners should not cause any harm to the patient. The delivery of a harm-free healthcare service can be of great value to the patient (O'Brien, et al., 2014). Lastly, I learnt about the ethical principle of autonomy. According to this principle, healthcare providers should work in collaboration with the patients. The principle of beneficence is appropriate in a healthcare setting. It is a new knowledge that I will not fail to apply in my practice because it will enable me to provide satisfactory services to the patients. Therefore, whenever given authority to attend to a patient, I will ensure that I do not disappoint at all. What I will do is that I will deliver a safe service which can protect the life of the patient at all times. It is for this reason that I agree that this lesson was a good one. Once a patient allows a practitioner to serve him, it should be upon the practitioner to provide services which can positively contribute towards the improvement of health status by eliminating pain and enhancing the speed of recovery (Kangasniemi, Pakkanen Korhonen, 2015). For example, when a patient comes to the facility, I will have to immediately assess the condition, document the findings, and provide the most appropriate intervention. If I do this, I will not cause any harm on the patient, but only help them to minimize pain and be on the right path of a quick recovery. The ethical principle of autonomy is also relevant to my practice as a Dental Hygienist. When I complete my studies, I will have to apply the lessons learnt in this course. Before attending to any patient, I will have to acknowledge that they have a right to be involved in the treatment process. I will not do anything without seeking for the opinion of the patient (Larner Carter, 2016). It is only after getting the consent of the patient that I will perform interventions including assessment, injection, prescription of medications, and performance of any major or minor procedures on the patient. A will do this because t is an ethical value that should be promoted in all the healthcare practitioners. As a practitioner who is committed to applying all the ethical principles of the healthcare profession, I will not hesitate to seek for the opinion of my patients before engaging in any procedure (Harding, 2013). The course has enlightened me to know that I should never assume the patien t, but be ready to get a formal consent at all times. It is an ethical value that I will always uphold during my practice. References Burston, A.S. Tuckett, A.G., (2013). Moral distress in nursing: contributing factors, outcomes and interventions. Nursing Ethics, 20(3), pp.312-324. Diane, L.H., (2013). Leadership Nursing Care Management 5th Ed. New York: SaundersPublishers. Harding, T., (2013). Cultural safety: A vital element for nursing ethics. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 29(1), 4-12. Kangasniemi, M., Pakkanen, P. Korhonen, A., (2015). Professional ethics in nursing: an integrative review. Journal of advanced nursing, 71(8), pp.1744-1757. Larner, E. Carter, R., (2016). The issue of consent in medical practice. British journal of haematology, 172(2), pp.300-304. Morrison, M. Gillett, G. (2014). Is a cleft lip and palate a serious" handicap"? Jepson v Chief Constable of West Mercia--a legal and ethical critique. Journal of law and medicine,22(2), pp.290-301. O'Brien, A., et al., (2014). Evaluating the preceptor role for pre-registration nursing and midwifery student clinical education. Nurse education today, 34(1), 19-24.

Machiavelli’s Life and Principles Essay Example

Machiavelli’s Life and Principles Essay Name: Tutor: Course: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Machiavelli’s Life and Principles specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Machiavelli’s Life and Principles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Machiavelli’s Life and Principles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Machiavelli’s Life and Principles Niccolo Machiavelli was an Italian scholar renowned for his military understanding and his views on leadership. Over his lifetime, he wrote many famous texts that scholars still revere top this day. His most famous work was The Prince, a title that mostly discusses the dynamics of power. In many of his works, Machiavelli discussed the different ways that a leader should behave and the values and attributes that they should have. Machiavelli practiced his own advice whenever he got the opportunity to do so. In The Prince, Machiavelli outlines the different ways that princes can succeed. He achieves this by using examples to show different successes in gaining and keeping power. One of the things that Machiavelli wrote about was the acquisition of power. Machiavelli claimed that it was best to use arms and virtue because when a prince acquired territory using his own troops and strengths, it would be easier for them to retain control of the land. One thing to note is that for Machiavelli, virtue mainly meant manliness and strength. Machiavelli also claimed that a leader should have evil qualities because that way it would be easier to hold on to power. For instance, he argued that it was better to be feared, but not hated, than to be loved. Lastly, he stated that a prince did not need to be trustworthy. In his life, Machiavelli adhered to some of the principles that he explains in his writings. Using his intellect and skills, he gained a series of promotions that helped him rise through the ranks of government in Florence. At one point he was in a close to the chief magistrate of Florence and in this position, he pushed for the use of local militia in the state. This conformed to one of the ideals that he stated in The Prince on the rejection of mercenaries in favor of local armies. When Florence had its own militia, Machiavelli was placed in charge of the militia. In this position, he showed great military understanding to capture Pisa (Unger 163). After Machiavelli lost his position, he was never able to rise to the same level of political prestige and was thus unable to apply his own principles. Work Cited Unger, Miles. Machiavelli: A Biography. New York, NY: Simon Schuster, 2011. Print. Class Struggles in the Contemporary World Scholars widely consider Karl Marx to be the father of Communism. His thoughts, works and ideas inspired leaders and political figures such as Josef Stalin, Vladimir Lenin and Mao Zedong. Marx’s works touched on a large number of issues affecting humanity such as governance, equality and wealth. To explain some of these issues, Marx introduced the concept of class struggles, or class conflict, to explain many of the issues that Europe was grappling with at its time. In his view, that many of the problems that were in Europe at the time, such as poverty, crime, war and unemployment could be explained by analyzing the concept of class conflict. Many of the issues that Marx talked about are still relevant in the contemporary world. Governments all over the globe are still struggling to deal with poverty, crime and unemployment and some of these crises seem to be worsening by the day. Class conflict can still be applied in the contemporary world to explain many of the problems th at humanity is facing. To explain class conflict, Karl Marx started by introducing two classes, the bourgeoisie and the proletarians. The bourgeoisie were the capitalists who owned Europe’s means of production. This meant that they were the richest people, had strong political connections and were the employers of the wage laborers (Marx and Engels 14). Marx argued that this class arose from the feudal society that had previously been in place in Europe (14). The feudal class had instituted class antagonisms and following its revival as the bourgeoisie, it was coming up with a new way of oppressing the people in lower socio-economic classes. The fresh system instituted new classes, methods of oppression and struggles within Europe (Marx and Engels 14). In contrast, Marx referred to Europe’s working class as the proletariat. This class provided the wage labor and worked in the companies owned by the bourgeoisie. Since they had no capital or means of production, these people were forced to provide labor for the upper classes as their only way of making a living (Marx and Engels 14). History shows that the feudal class, which became the bourgeoisie, had also been oppressing the working class in the previous feudal systems. This had come after most communities in Europe and Asia abolished the systems of common land ownership and replaced them with structures that created the antagonistic classes that Marx was discussing (Marx and Engels 14). Within this context, Marx explained that there was a perpetual struggle and conflict between the two main classes. The bourgeoisie and the proletariat were constantly in opposition to each other and this struggle between them played out in a persisting fight that took place in the background of their daily relations. Marx argued that history had seen people occupying positions of slaves, serfs and plebeians engaged in a constant struggle with their opposites such as freemen, lords and patricians (14). At the time that Marx was developing this theory, many of these positions had changed. The introduction of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat had made class struggles a much simpler concept to grasp. The divisions within society were limited to the two groups, with the classes consistently becoming larger as they simultaneously grew further apart. Capitalism grew hand in hand with class conflict, and it allowed the bourgeoisie to expand their industries and employ more people from the working class (Dahrendorf 5) The class conflict that Marx described was mainly the result of contrasting fortunes between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Marx argued that the upper classes, needed to revolutionize the means of production to ensure that they remained at the top of the system. This was followed by the domination of global trade and the world market to create consumption for the products that their industries created. This system continually expanded into a massive global force that forced the bourgeoisie to spread and settle in other parts of the globe (Marx and Engels 16). Since the bourgeoisie employed the working class in the industries and other means of production, the proletariat grew along with the system that the upper class was instituting. Marx claimed that the situation was very different for the proletariat (18). In their case, they could only survive as long as they found work and they were only employable as long as their labor created capital for the bourgeoisie. Additionally, the use of advanced technology had taken away the pride that workers formerly had in their work (Marx and Engels 18). This contrasting situation created a lot of tension between the two classes as the proletariat felt that the bourgeoisie was using them to advance its position at their expense. One of the key issues surrounding class conflict was inequality. Karl Marx felt that the situation with the bourgeoisie and the proletariat created a lot of inequality between the two classes. The proletariat worked hard within the industries owned by the upper classes, but were paid meager wages. In contrast, the bourgeoisie were able to make large profits from their industries through systems that Marx argued were oppressive. For instance, by underpaying their employees, the companies were able to make sure that the profits that they made were larger. Additionally, these profits all went to the bourgeoisie meaning that regardless of how well the industries did, the working class would still earn the same salary. In the modern world, inequality still exists in various forms. Racial prejudice and sexism are good examples of inequality. For some scholars, the reality is that there can never be a society or community in which all men, women and children are afforded equal chances (Dahrendorf 23). There are varying reasons for these disparities, with some people arguing that the diversity found in society cannot allow there to be complete equality. Within a single community, there exists a wide range of tasks that need to be done along with a large number of diverse interests and abilities. A combination of these factors is what causes the inequality (Dahrendorf 23). However, this still does not explain the reason why some members of society place themselves in positions of complete dominance over others by using oppressive systems such as the one that Marx described. Dahrendorf argues that in the modern world, the shape of class conflict has changed in some ways (24). During Marx’s time, the conflict was typified by a system of social immobility that was deeply entrenched with European society. The problem then was not just that the system oppressed the working class, but that the proletariat had no chances of moving upwards towards a higher social class. The structures within society confined them to an unsatisfactory life of hard labor and low wages. The situation is different in the modern world. The issue of entitlement has substituted that of social mobility (Dahrendorf 27). Class conflict is now about the status that people hold in society and the different opportunities attached to those positions. One real problem involving inequality in the modern world is income disparity. Income disparity can be used to show the inequality that causes class struggles within the same economic context that Marx used to apply the situation. The American society is currently struggling to contain a growing gap between the top earners and the bottom earners in the nation’s economy. The end of the World Wars and the economic depression that came in between them saw the American government develop economic policies that were supposed to deal with the issue of income inequality (Schmitt 1). The policies were able to cause a reduction in this disparity but the 1970s saw all of the progress come undone. Income disparity in the country started to rise again and this trend has continued to this day. Subsequent economic scandals and crises such as the late 2000s recession have worsened the situation making it harder for American’s in the lower social classes to cope in the prevailing econo mic conditions (Schmitt 1). Class conflict helps to explain these disparities in many ways. Firstly, the American economy still relies on a capitalist system. The only change that has happened is that the structure is no longer centered on means of production but on financial systems (Foster and Holleman 191). The oppressive systems that Marx described in his works still exist, albeit in a different form. The bourgeoisie now depend on other systems to dominate society. The capitalist systems have allowed the upper classes to control national, regional and global economy and this has caused friction between them and the working class (Foster and Holleman 192). Class conflict also explains this income inequality by showing that there is a competition between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat where the former are trying to sustain the status quo in their favor while the latter keep trying to gain dominance over the other. This conflict has translated itself into tensions between the two classes as the workers pu sh for governments to increase taxes on the higher classes. This whole situation has seen different presidents elected around the world on campaigns that appear to be against the rich (Schuman 1). In other cases, the tensions have escalated into mass protests against financial institutions and other organizations that are deemed to be under the control of the upper class (Leavitt 2). There are several arguments that can be made against the idea that class conflict still applies in the world today. Firstly, society has evolved over the past few years, leading to the formation of new classes that do not fall under the categorization of either bourgeoisie or proletariat. The rise of the middle class is a good example of these changes within the class system that is now found in the world. The middle class is usually seen to be apathetic and uninvolved in the struggle between the classes and this opposes the ideas put forward by Marx in some ways. One of the reasons why the middle class are uninvolved in the struggle is the fact that they are trying to break into the bourgeoisie as opposed to bringing it down. Another counter argument to Marx’s theories entails the fact that there have always been members of the lower classes who are in control of some means of production. These people may not have owned large industries or companies but they were employers themselves and they were not struggling as much as their companions were even though they were employed as wage laborers by the bourgeoisie. Dahrendorf notes that this contradiction was there when Marx was coming up with his views, even though his works completely failed to acknowledge the existence of these people (9). The fact that some workers are capable of owning their own businesses and industries negates one of the key arguments that Marx made concerning chances and opportunities within a class system. This situation implies that there are possibilities for the working class to create their own industries and take control of some means of production. It also suggests that social mobility was not as limited as Marx made it to be. The concept of class conflict has influenced political discourse within society for years and years. Karl Marx came up with the idea as a way of explaining the different issues that were affecting European society during the nineteenth century. Even though the concept was developed almost two centuries ago, the ideas it held still apply today. Our societies are still divided into social classes, and these divisions have been the cause of a perpetual state of conflict and never ending tension. The same problems that created the class conflict still exist today, as different countries are struggling to deal with inequality, particularly in the incomes earned by different citizens. These disparities have worsened the situation, as the conflict between the two classes has been brought out in the open. Works Cited Dahrendorf, Ralf. The Modern Social Conflict: The Politics of Liberty. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers, 2008. Print. Foster, John Bellamy and Hannah Holleman. â€Å"The financialization of the capitalist class: Monopoly-finance capital and the new contradictory relations of ruling class power.† Imperialism, Crisis and Class Struggle: The Enduring Verities and Contemporary Face of Capitalism. Ed. James F. Petras and Henry Veltmeyer. Leiden: Brill, 2010. 191-202. Print. Leavitt, Gregory C. Class Conflict: The Pursuit and History of American Justice. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2013. Print. Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. The Communist Manifesto. London: Pluto, 2008. Print. Schmitt, John. Inequality as policy: The United States since 1979. Real-World Economics Review 51.1 (2009): 1-9. Print. Schuman, Michael. â€Å"Marx’s revenge: How class struggle is shaping the world†. Time. Time Inc. 25 Mar. 2013. Web. 19 Nov. 2013.

Being America by Jedediah Purdy essays

Being America by Jedediah Purdy essays Being America by Jedediah Purdy asks the reader to take a good look at some of the most important issues that our generation will have to deal with. Most of these issues have not risen since the days of Rome. Purdy presents his arguments in a way that I feel was not very effective. I found his writing technique to be not only boring but often repetitive and unnecessary. I agree with most of Purdys ideas, although there are many times where his ideas were actually the ideas of previous intellects. I feel that Purdy left out some recent controversies such as outsourcing. Purdy is obviously a well educated man having attended both Yale and Harvard so my initial reaction was to trust every word he told me. I was not able to catch any mistakes, but after reading an essay titled Reaction to Jedediah Purdys Being America by David E. Powell I found out otherwise. He found instances where information was not only undocumented, but sometimes unable to document. He always found places where information was just flat out wrong. Even though I do not have enough knowledge about these issues to find an error, Powells findings make me wonder how valid Purdys book is. Purdys language barrier also hurt this book. I feel that if he were able to talk to more of a variety of people instead of just the well educated ones who spoke English he would have gotten better results. Another reason why I feel Purdy was not effective in his writing was the purpose of his book was never really fully developed or clear. This was due to the fact that his issues were too broad. He skips around from Osama bin Laden to the history of AIDS to sweatshops and so on. In the beginning of the book I though it was going to be about how other countries feel towards the United States, but by the end my head was so packed with a variety of information and opinions that I really wasnt sure what to think. I wish he had f...

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Quickbooks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Essays Essay In 1514, Sultan Selim I (1512–1520) successfully expanded the Empires southern and eastern borders by defeating Shah Ismail I of the Safavid dynasty in the Battle of Chaldiran. In 1517, Selim I expanded Ottoman rule into Algeria and Egypt, and created a naval presence in the Red Sea. Subsequently, a competition started between the Ottoman and Portuguese empires to become the dominant sea power in the Indian Ocean, with numerous naval battles in the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf. The Portuguese presence in the Indian Ocean was perceived as a threat for the Ottoman monopoly over the ancient trading routes between East Asia and Western Europe (later collectively named the Silk Road, a term coined by Ferdinand von Richthofen in 1877. [20][21]) This important monopoly was increasingly compromised following the discovery of the Cape of Good Hope by Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias in 1488, which had a considerable impact on the Ottoman economy. Turkey 7 The Ottoman Empires power and prestige peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. The empire was often at odds with the Holy Roman Empire in its steady advance towards Central Europe through the Balkans and the southern part of the Polish-Lithuanian [] Commonwealth. Wikipedia:Citing sources At sea, the Ottoman Navy contended with several Holy Leagues (composed primarily of Habsburg Spain, the Republic of Genoa, the Republic of Venice, the Knights of St. John, the Papal States, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the Duchy of Savoy) for control of the Mediterranean Sea. In the east, the Ottomans were occasionally at war with Safavid Persia over conflicts stemming from erritorial disputes or religious differences between the 16th and 18th centuries. [22] The Selimiye Mosque in Edirne is one of the most famous architectural legacies of the Ottoman Empire. From the beginning of the 19th century onwards, the Ottoman Empire began to decline. As it gradually shrank in size, military power and wealth, many Balkan Muslims migrated to the Empires heartland in Anatolia,[23]Wikipe dia:Verifiability[24] along with the Circassians fleeing the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. The decline of the Ottoman Empire led to a rise in nationalist sentiment among the various subject peoples, leading to increased ethnic tensions which occasionally burst into violence, such as the Hamidian Massacres. The Ottoman Empire entered World War I on the side of the Central Powers and was ultimately defeated. During the war, an estimated 1. 5 million Armenians were deported and exterminated in the Armenian Genocide. [25][26] The Turkish government denies that there was an Armenian Genocide and claims that Armenians were only relocated from the eastern war zone. ] Large scale massacres were also committed against the empires other minority groups such as the Greeks and Assyrians. [][][27] Following the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918, the victorious Allied Powers sought to partition the Ottoman state through the 1920 Treaty of Sevres. [] Republic of Turkey The occupation of Constantinople and Smyrna by the Allies in the aftermath of World War I prompted the establishmen t of the Turkish national movement. ] Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha, a military commander who had distinguished himself during the Battle of Gallipoli, the Turkish War of Independence was waged with the aim of revoking the terms of the Treaty of Sevres. [] By 18 September 1922, the occupying armies were expelled, and the Ankara-based Turkish regime, which declared itself the legitimate government of the country in April 1920, started to formalise the legal transition from the old Ottoman into the new Republican political system. On 1 November, the newly founded parliament formally abolished the Sultanate, thus ending 623 ears of Ottoman rule. The Treaty of Lausanne of 24 July 1923 led to the international recognition of the sovereignty of the newly formed Republic of Turkey as the Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, founder and first continuing state of the Ottoman Empire, and the republic was officially President of the Republic of Turkey. proclaimed on 29 October 1923 in Ankara, the countrys new capital. [] The Lausanne treaty stipulated a population exchange between Greece and Turkey, whereby 1. 1 million Greeks left Turkey for Greece in exchange for 380,000 Muslims transferred from Greece to Turkey. ] Turkey Mustafa Kemal became the republics first President and subsequently introduced many radical reforms with the aim of transforming old Ottoman-Turkish state into a new secular republic. [] With the Surname Law of 1934, the Turkish Parliament bestowed upon Mustafa Kemal the honorific surname Ataturk (Father of the Turks. )[] Turkey remained neutral during most of World War II, but entered the war on the side of the Allies on 23 February 1945, as a ceremonial gesture. On 26 June 1945, Turkey became a charter member of the United Nations. ] Difficulties faced by Greece after the war in quelling a communist rebellion, along with demands by the Soviet Union for military bases in the Turkish Straits, prompted the United States to declare the Truman Doctrine i n 1947. The doctrine enunciated American intentions to guarantee the security of Turkey and Greece, and resulted in large-scale U. S. military and economic support. [] Both countries were included in the Marshall Plan and OEEC for rebuilding European economies in 1948, and subsequently became founding members of the OECD in 1961. 8 Roosevelt, Inonu and Churchill at the Second Cairo Conference which was held between 4–6 December 1943. After participating with the United Nations forces in the Korean War, Turkey joined NATO in 1952, becoming a bulwark against Soviet expansion into the Mediterranean. Following a decade of Cypriot intercommunal violence and the coup in Cyprus on 15 July 1974 staged by the EOKA B paramilitary organization, which overthrew President Makarios and installed the pro-Enosis (union with Greece) Nikos Sampson as dictator, Turkey invaded Cyprus on 20 July 1974. ] Nine years later the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is recognized only by Turkey, was established. [28] The single-party period ended in 1945. It was followed by a tumultuous transition to multiparty democracy over the next few decades, which was interrupted by military coups detat in 1960, 1971, 1980 and 1997. []Wikipedia:Citing sources In 1984, the PKK began an insurgency against the Turkish government, which ha s claimed over 40,000 lives;[29] a peace process is currently ongoing. 30][31] Since the liberalisation of the Turkish economy during the 1980s, the country has enjoyed stronger economic growth and greater political stability. [] Politics Turkey is a parliamentary representative democracy. Since its foundation as a republic in 1923, Turkey has developed a strong tradition of secularism. [] Turkeys constitution governs the legal framework of the country. It sets out the main principles of government and establishes Turkey as a unitary centralized state. The President of the Republic is the head of state and has a largely ceremonial role. The president is elected for a five-year term by direct elections. Abdullah Gul was elected as president on 28 August 2007, by a popular parliament round of votes, succeeding Ahmet Necdet Sezer. [32] Executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers which make up the government, while the legislative power is vested in the unicameral parliament, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature, and the Constitutional Court is charged with ruling on the conformity of laws and decrees with the constitution. The Council of State is the tribunal of last resort for administrative cases, and the High Court of Appeals for all others. [] Recep Tayyip Erdogan has been elected three times as Prime Minister: In 2002 (with 34% of the popular vote), in 2007 (with 47%) and in 2011 (with 49%). Turkey The prime minister is elected by the parliament through a vote of onfidence in the government and is most often the head of the party having the most seats in parliament. The current prime minister is the former mayor of Istanbul, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, whose conservative Justice and Development Party won an absolute majority of parliamentary seats in the 2002 general elections, organized in the aftermath of the economic crisis of 2001, with 34% of the suffrage. [33] In the 2007 general elections, the AKP received 46. 6% of the votes and could defend its majority in parliament. 34] Although the ministers do not have to be members of the parliament, ministers with parliament membership are common in Turkish politics. In 2007, a series of events regarding state secularism and the role of the judiciary in the legislature occurred. These included the controversial presidential election of Abdullah Gul, who in the past had been involved with Islamist parties;[35] and the governments proposal to lift the headscarf ban in universities, which was annulled by the Constitutional Court, leading to a fine and a near ban of the ruling party. 36] 9 The Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Ankara during a speech of U. S. President Barack Obama on 6 April 2009. Universal suffrage for both sexes has been applied throughout Turkey since 1933, and every Turkish citizen who has turned 18 years of age has the right to vote. As of 2004, there were 50 registered political parties in the country. [] The Constitutional Court can strip the public financing of political parties that it deems anti-secular or separatist, or ban their existence altogether. 37][38] There are 550 members of parliament who are elected for a four-year term by a party-list proportional representation system from 85 electoral districts which represent the 81 administrative provinces of Turkey (Istanbul is divided into three electoral districts, whereas Ankara and Izmir are divided into two each because of their large populations). To avoid a hung parliament and its excessive political fragmentation, only parties winning at least 10% of the votes cast in a national parliamentary election gain the right to representation in the parliament. ] Because of this threshold, in the 2007 elections only three parties formally entered the parliament (compared to two in 2002). [39][40] Human rights in Turkey have been the subject of much controversy and international condemnation. Between 1998 and 2008 the European Court of Human Rights made more than 1,600 judgements against Turkey for human rights violations, particularly the right to life and freedom from torture. Other issues such as Kurdish rights, womens rights and press freedom have also attracted controversy. Turkeys human rights record continues to be a significant obstacle to future membership of the EU. 41] According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, the Turkish government has waged one of the worlds biggest crackdowns on press freedoms. A large number of journalists have been arrested using charges of terrorism and anti-state activities such as the Ergenekon and Balyoz cases, while thousands have been investigated on charges such as denigrating Turkishness in an effort to sow self-censorship. As of 2012, CPJ identified 76 journalists in jail, including 61 directly held for their published work, more than Iran, Eritrea and China. [42] A former U. S. State Department spokesman, Philip J. Crowley, said that the United States had broad concerns about trends involving intimidation of journalists in Turkey. [43] Turkey 10 Foreign relations Turkey is a founding member of the United Nations (1945), the OECD (1961), the OIC (1969), the OSCE (1973), the ECO (1985), the BSEC (1992), the D-8 (1997) and the G-20 major economies (1999). On 17 October 2008, Turkey was elected as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. [] Turkeys membership of the council effectively began on 1 January 2009. [] Turkey had previously been a member of the U. N. Security Council in 1951–1952, 1954–1955 and 1961. ] In line with its traditional Western orientation, relations with Europe have always been a central part of Turkish foreign policy. Turkey became a founding member of the Council of Europe in 1949, applied for associate membership of the EEC (predecessor of the European Union) in 1959 and became an associate member in 1963. After decades of political nego tiations, Turkey applied for full membership of the EEC in 1987, became an associate member of the Western European Union in 1992, joined the EU Customs Union in 1995 and has been in formal accession negotiations with the EU since 2005. ] Since 1974, Turkey has not recognized the Republic of Cyprus, but instead supports the Turkish Cypriot community in the form of the de facto Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which was established in 1983 and is recognized only by Turkey. [] The Cyprus dispute complicates Turkeys relations with both NATO and the EU, and remains a major stumbling block to Turkeys EU accession bid. [] Turkey is a founding member of the OECD and the G-20 major economies. Turkey began full membership negotiations with the European Union in 2005, having been an associate member of the EEC since 1963, and having joined the EU Customs Union in 1995. The other defining aspect of Turkeys foreign relations has been its ties with the United States. Based on the common threat posed by the Soviet Union, Turkey joined NATO in 1952, ensuring close bilateral relations with Washington throughout the Cold War. In the post–Cold War environment, Turkeys geostrategic importance shifted towards its proximity to the Middle East, the Caucasus and the Balkans. In return, Turkey has benefited from the United States political, economic and diplomatic support, including in key issues such as the countrys bid to join the European Union. The independence of the Turkic states of the Soviet Union in 1991, with which Turkey shares a common cultural and linguistic heritage, allowed Turkey to extend its economic and political relations deep into Central Asia,[44] thus enabling the completion of a multi-billion-dollar oil and natural gas pipeline from Baku in Azerbaijan to the port of Ceyhan in Turkey. The Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline forms part of Turkeys foreign policy strategy to become an energy conduit to the West. However, Turkeys border with Armenia, a state in the Caucasus, remains closed following Armenias occupation of Azerbaijani territory during the Nagorno-Karabakh War. [45] Under the AK Party government, Turkeys influence has grown in the Middle East based on the strategic depth doctrine, also called Neo-Ottomanism. [46][47] Turkey 11 Military Troops of the Turkish Army; Type 209 submarines of the Turkish Navy; and F-16s of the Turkish Air Force. The Turkish Armed Forces consists of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force. The Gendarmerie and the Coast Guard operate as parts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in peacetime, although they are subordinated to the Army and Navy Commands respectively in wartime, during which they have both internal law enforcement and military functions. [] The Chief of the General Staff is appointed by the President and is responsible to the Prime Minister. The Council of Ministers is responsible to the Parliament for matters of national security and the adequate preparation of the armed forces to defend the country. However, the authority to declare war and to deploy the Turkish Armed Forces to foreign countries or to allow foreign armed forces to be stationed in Turkey rests solely with the Parliament. [] The actual Commander of the Armed Forces is the Chief of the General Staff General Necdet Ozel since August 4, 2011. [48] Every fit male Turkish citizen otherwise not barred is required to serve in the military for a period ranging from three weeks to fifteen months, dependent on education and job location. [49] Turkey does not recognise conscientious objection and does not offer a civilian alternative to military service. 50] The Turkish Armed Forces is the second largest standing armed force in NATO, after the U. S. Armed Forces, with a combined strength of just over a million uniformed personnel serving in its five branches. [51] Since 2003, Turkey contributes military personnel to Eurocorps and takes part in the EU Battlegroups. [] Turkey is one of five NATO member states which are part of the nuclear sharing policy of the alliance, together with Belgium, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands. [52] A total of 90 B61 nuclear bombs are hosted at the Incirlik Air Base, 40 of which are allocated for use by the Turkish Air Force in case of a nuclear conflict, ut their use requires the approval of NATO. [53] In 1998, Turkey announced a modernisation program worth US$160 billion over a twenty-year period in various projects including tanks, fighter jets, helicopters, submarines, warships and assault rifles. [54] Turkey is a Level 3 contributor to the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program. [55] Turkey has maintained forces in international missions under the United Nations and NATO since 1950, including peacekeeping missions in Somalia and former Yugoslavia, and support to coalition forces in the First Gulf War. Turkey maintains 36,000 troops in Northern Cyprus; their presence is supported and approved by the de facto local government, but the Republic of Cyprus and the international community regard it as an illegal occupation force, and Turkey its presence has also been denounced in several United Nations Security Council resolutions. [] Turkey has had troops deployed in Afghanistan as part of the United States stabilisation force and the UN-authorized, NATO-commanded International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) since 2001. 51][56] In 2006, the Turkish parliament deployed a peacekeeping force of Navy patrol vessels and around 700 ground troops as part of an expanded United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) in the wake of the Israeli-Lebanon conflict. [57] 12 Administrative divisions The capital city of Turkey is Ankara. The territory of Turkey is subdivided into 81 provinces for administrative purposes. The provinces are organized into 7 regions for census purposes; however, they do not represent an administrative structure. Each province is divided into districts, for a total of 923 districts. Provinces usually bear the same name as their provincial capitals, also called the central district; exceptions to this custom are the provinces of Hatay (capital: Antakya), Kocaeli (capital: Izmit) and Sakarya (capital: Adapazar? ). Provinces with the largest populations are Istanbul (13 million), Ankara (5 million), Izmir (4 million), Bursa (3 million) and Adana (2 million). The biggest city and the pre-Republican capital Istanbul is the financial, economic and cultural heart of the country. [] An estimated 75. 5% of Turkeys population live in urban centers. 58] In all, 19 provinces have populations that exceed 1 million inhabitants, and 20 provinces have populations between 1 million and 500,000 inhabitants. Only two provinces have populations less than 100,000. Turkey 13 Geography Turkey is a transcontinental[] Eurasian country. Asian Turkey (made up largely of Anatolia), which includes 97% of the country, is separated from European Turkey by the Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, an d the Dardanelles (which together form a water link between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean). European Turkey (eastern Thrace or Rumelia in the Balkan peninsula) comprises 3% of the country. 59] Topographic map of Turkey The territory of Turkey is more than 1,600 kilometres (1,000  mi) long and 800  km (500  mi) wide, with a roughly rectangular shape. [] It lies between latitudes 35 ° and 43 ° N, and longitudes 25 ° and 45 ° E. Turkeys area, including lakes, occupies 783,562[60] square kilometres (300,948 sq mi), of which 755,688 square kilometres (291,773 sq mi) are in Southwest Asia and 23,764 square Panoramic view of the Fairy Chimneys in Cappadocia kilometres (9,174 sq mi) in Europe. [] Turkey is the worlds 37th-largest country in terms of area. The country is encircled by seas on three sides: the Aegean Sea to the west, the Black Sea to the north and the Mediterranean to the south. Turkey also contains the Sea of Marmara in the northwest. [] Mount Ararat (Agr? Dag? ) is the highest peak in Turkey with 5,137 m (16,854 ft) The European section of Turkey, East Thrace, forms the borders of Turkey with Greece and Bulgaria. The Asian part of the country, Anatolia, consists of a high central plateau with narrow coastal plains, between the Koroglu and Pontic mountain ranges to the north and the Taurus Mountains to the south. Eastern Turkey has a more mountainous landscape and is home to the sources of rivers such as the Euphrates, Tigris and Aras, and contains Mount Ararat, Turkeys highest point at 5,137 metres (16,854  ft),[][61] and Lake Van, the largest lake in the country. Turkey is divided into seven census regions: Marmara, Aegean, Black Sea, Central Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia, Southeastern Anatolia and the Mediterranean. The uneven north Anatolian terrain running along the Black Sea resembles a long, narrow belt. This region comprises approximately one-sixth of Turkeys total land area. As a general trend, the inland Anatolian plateau becomes increasingly rugged as it progresses eastward. [] Turkeys varied landscapes are the product of complex earth movements that have shaped the region over thousands of years and still manifest themselves in fairly frequent earthquakes and occasional volcanic eruptions. The Bosphorus and the Dardanelles owe their existence to the fault lines running through Turkey that led to the creation of the Black Sea. There is an earthquake fault line across the north of the country from west to east, which caused a major earthquake in 1999. 62] Turkey 14 Climate The coastal areas of Turkey bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea have a temperate Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry summers and mild to cool, wet winters. The coastal areas of Turkey bordering the Black Sea have a temperate Oceanic climate with warm, wet summers and cool to cold, wet winters. The Turkish Black Sea coast receives the greatest amount of precipitation an d is the only region of Turkey that receives high precipitation throughout the year. The eastern part of that coast averages 2,500 millimetres annually which is the highest precipitation in the country. Oludeniz on the Turquoise Coast, which is famous for its Blue Cruise voyages. The coastal areas of Turkey bordering the Sea of Marmara (including Istanbul), which connects the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea, have a transitional climate between a temperate Mediterranean climate and a temperate Oceanic climate with warm to hot, moderately dry summers and cool to cold, wet winters. Snow does occur on the coastal areas of the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea almost every winter, but it usually lies no more than a few days. Snow on the other hand is rare in the coastal areas of the Aegean Sea and very rare in the coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea. Conditions can be much harsher in the more arid interior. Mountains close to the coast prevent Mediterranean influences from extending inland, giving the central Anatolian plateau of the interior of Turkey a continental climate with sharply contrasting seasons. Winters on the eastern part of the plateau are especially severe. Temperatures of ? 30  °C to ? 40  °C (? 22  Ã‚ °F to ? 40  °F) can occur in eastern Anatolia, and snow may lie on the ground at least 120 days of the year. In the west, winter temperatures average below 1  °C (34  °F). Summers are hot and dry, with temperatures generally above 30  °C (86  °F) in the day. Annual precipitation averages about 400 millimetres (15  in), with actual amounts determined by elevation. The driest regions are the Konya plain and the Malatya plain, where annual rainfall frequently is less than 300 millimetres (12  in). May is generally the wettest month, whereas July and August are the driest. [63] Winter in Lake Uzungol Economy Turkey has the worlds 16th largest GDP-PPP and 17th largest nominal GDP. [] The country is among the founding members of the OECD and the G-20 major economies. During the first six decades of the republic, between 1923 and 1983, Turkey has mostly adhered to a quasi-statist approach with strict government planning of the budget and government-imposed limitations over private sector participation, Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, constituting the countrys economic heart. The towers of Sisli are on the left, while those of Levent business district are on the right. Turkey foreign trade, flow of foreign currency, and foreign direct investment. However, in 1983 Prime Minister Turgut Ozal initiated a series of reforms designed to shift the economy from a statist, insulated system to a more private-sector, market-based model. ] The reforms, combined with unprecedented amounts of foreign loans, spurred rapid economic growth; but this growth was punctuated by sharp recessions and financial crises in 1994, 1999 (following the earthquake of that year),[64] and 2001;[65] resulting in an average of 4% GDP growth per annum between 1981 and 2003. [66] Lack of additional fiscal reforms, combined with large and growing public sector deficits and widespread corruption, resulted in high inflation, a weak banking sector and increased macroeconomic volatility. 67] Since the economic crisi s of 2001 and the reforms initiated by the finance minister of the time, Kemal Dervis, inflation has fallen to single-digit numbers, investor confidence and foreign investment have soared, and unemployment has fallen. Turkey has gradually opened up its markets through economic reforms by reducing government controls on foreign trade and investment and the privatisation of publicly owned industries, and the liberalisation of many sectors to private and foreign participation has continued amid political debate. ] The public debt to GDP ratio, while well below its levels during the recession of 2001, reached 46% in 2010 Q3. The real GDP growth rate from 2002 to 2007 averaged 6. 8% annually,[69] which made Turkey one of the fastest growing economies in the world during that period. However, growth slowed to 1% in 2008, and in 2009 the Turkish economy was affected by the global financial crisis, with a recession of 5%. The economy was estimated to have returned to 8% growth in 2010. [] 1 5 Turkish Airlines is the flag carrier airline of Turkey since 1933. It was selected by Skytrax as [68] Europes best airline in 2012. In the early years of this century the chronically high inflation was brought under control and this led to the launch of a new currency, the Turkish new lira, on 1 January 2005, to cement the acquisition of the economic reforms and erase the vestiges of an unstable economy. [70] On 1 January 2009, the new Turkish lira was renamed once again as the Turkish lira, with the introduction of new banknotes and coins. As a result of continuing economic reforms, inflation dropped to 8% in 2005, and the unemployment rate to 10%. ] Tourism in Turkey has experienced rapid growth in the last twenty years, and constitutes an important part of the economy. In 2011, 33. 3 million foreign visitors arrived in Turkey, making the country worlds sixth most-popular tourism destination; they contributed $23 billion to Turkeys revenues. [71] Other key sectors of the Turkish economy are banking, construction, home appliances, electronics, text iles, oil refining, petrochemical products, food, mining, iron and steel, machine industry and automotive.

F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

Money and The Great Gatsby "Her voice is full of money Pg. 127)," is a major contributing sentence to the story. This sentence, which comes from the character by the name of Jay Gatsby. F. Scott Fitzgerald relates this story to many, stating that money can buy anything, including the love of a woman. This feeling that Gatsby has acquired baffles Nick Carraway. Throughout the story, the truth comes out of why Daisy becomes part of Gatsby, which is because she wants him just for his riches. In the Novel The Great Gatsby, the book strongly relates to "The American Dream." In Gatsby’s case, the dream is that through acquiring wealth and power, once can also gain happiness. To reach his idea of what happiness is, Gatsby must go back in time to relive an old dream. To do this, he believes he must first have wealth and power. Jay Gatsby is a man who does not wish to live life in the present because it offers him nothing. He spends a majority of his life trying to recapture his past, in which he eventually dies in pursuit of it. The reason he wishes to relieve the past is because he had a love affair with the rich Daisy Buchanan, who he had, fell deeply in love with. However, he knew they could never get married due to their difference in economic and social statuses. He wants to marry her, but because of this problem he leaves her in order to gain wealth and social status in order to reach her standards. Once he reaches this goal, he buys a house close to her in which he tries to "impress her." Jay thinks money will take care of everything, in which he realizes it doesn’t make life out like it ought to be. Gatsby refuses to give this up until he reaches fulfillment of his American Dream. The sad thing is that he never does, and ends up dying. The question of money and sociability’s authority over life is a big factor in many people’s lives. Many people in today’s world try to buy love with money. That is not really a "true love." Both of the people in the relationship should love each other for WHO they are, not what they are or have. Some people do not understand this concept. That is why separations, divorces, etc.

Examine the Reasons for Domestic Violence in Society

Examine the patterns of and reasons for domestic violence in society (24 marks) Domestic violence is defined as physical, sexual or financial violence taking place within an intimate or family type relationship and forms a pattern of coercive and controlling behaviour. There are many patterns and reasons for domestic violence which each sociologist has a different view upon. Domestic violence affects certain people more than others as they are more vulnerable or stress is caused.These people include children, people living in rented accommodation, lower social classes or people with a family member who has a problem with drinking or illegal drugs. Richard Williamson sees domestic violence as a result of stress caused by these factors. Homes with overcrowding or worries about money tend to be more affected from domestic violence because it causes stress and arguments between family members and also reduces the social support a family needs.Dobash & Dobash’s research in Scotland based on police and court records and interviews with women reveal many patterns of domestic violence in society. They found that nearly 1 in 4 women have been assaulted but a partner and 1 in 5 it was repeatedly; they also found that most victims are women and 99% of the incidents are committed by men. These patterns are not biased as the research was carried out by a member of each sex; however this data is not accurate as it is found from Scottish police and court records and not all domestic violence cases are reported to the police.The Feminist view of domestic violence is that families shouldn’t be patriarchal where the male is dominant because it leads to wives being abused. Kate Millett and Shulamith Firestone argue that all societies have been founded on patriarchy and see the division between men and women in society as a division where men are the exploiters of women. Although they see marriage and family as key institutions they say that they are the main source of women’s oppression and that married men dominate their wives through domestic violence. However, Faith Robertson Elliot opposes this by aying not all men are aggressive and oppose domestic violence; it is also proved from Mirrlees Black that 1 in 7 men have been assaulted and 1 in 20 repeatedly. Feminists ignore the abuse and violence from women as they believe that the reason for domestic violence in families is due to the husband wanting to maintain his dominant status. The New Rights view is the total opposite of the Feminists and believes that the ‘Nanny state’ is too much and the government should let families get on with their own lives instead of paying them money when they don’t have enough.When people don’t adopt the ‘Nanny state’ it can lead to domestic violence as it causes stress through money problems in the family and doesn’t let the wife get away from domestic violence as she’ll have no financial support. However the New Right like this as the nuclear family can’t be separated due to the lack of money the wife would have if they did therefore maintaining the male dominance. The Marxist view on domestic violence is very similar to the New Right as they believe that wives rely on their husbands being a unit of consumption.Marxists believe that domestic violence is acceptable as husbands need to take out their frustration on their wives when they get home from work. They feel that husbands need to do this so that they are relaxed for the next day to perform their role of the ‘bread winner’. Therefore, although domestic violence is bad Marxists believe that both sexes rely on each other for either financial support or a stress reliever so domestic violence is essential in a Marxist society.

The Life Of Stephen Hawking Essay - 722 Words

The Life of Stephen Hawking Stephen Hawking. A bright student, a brilliant physicist, a brave man. The life of Hawking is full of ups and downs, peaks and valleys, enlightened intelligence, and devastating disabilities. (I’m still working on this bit) Stephen Hawking was born on January 8, 1942 in Oxford, England. His parents - Frank and Isobel Hawking- resided in London, though because World War II was in full swing at this point, they decided along with many others, that it would be safer to raise a family in Oxford. Both of his parents were well educated, had a hunger for travel, and were involved in political activism. They passed their enthusiasm and passion for these things onto their children.Witherbee, Amy. Stephen Hawking. Stephen Hawking (Great Neck Publishing) (2006): 1. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.) Hawking began his studies in the spring of 1958, at a private school near his home. As the years passe , Stephen excelled in all areas of his studies, especially math and science. As he was nearing the end of his early education, the time was approaching for him to take his A level exams which were a series of exams taken by students with the desire to attend college. (Witherbee) Stephen wanted to attend Oxford like his father, but unlike his father, he wanted to study the natural sciences instead of medicine. He was so eager to get there that he decided that he wanted to take the OxfordShow MoreRelatedThe Life of Stephen Hawking Essay576 Words   |  3 PagesBorn January 8, 1942 in Oxford England, Stephen Hawking was born -as some say- into a family of intellects. Stephens’s father, Frank hawking, studied at Oxford University as a medical researcher – while mother, Isobel Hawking, was one of the first women to attend the university in the 1930’s (a time period when not many women considered college). The two raised four children together, Stephen being the oldest. While Stephens’s father would have had the eldest children study medicine at universityRead MoreEssay on Stephen Hawking Biography1328 Words   |  6 Pagesname is Stephen Hawking. He has written many books, attended two universities, and is a renowned scientist. From conception to the present, Stephen Hawking has lived a very interesting life. Stephen William Hawking was born to Frank and Isobel Hawking on January the 8th, 1942 in Oxford, England. Incredibly enough, Hawking was born exactly 300 years after the death of the famed astronomer and early physicist, Galileo Galilei, who died in 1642. As a child, Stephen lived a normal life. He had lovingRead MoreStephen Hawking : The Great Minds Of This Era1319 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluential people in fields from science to literature. Stephen Hawking has made an astounding impact through his studies in physics and cosmology. Not only is he known for his many works, Stephen Hawking is honored even more for his fight against ALS. 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Stephen Hawking, who is a little less than a god, is â€Å"arguably the most famous scientist aliveRead MoreThe Greatest Heroes Of Stephen Hawking1999 Words   |  8 Pagesquote from the famous Stephen Hawking, which shows that intelligence is not measured by how much you know, but rather by what you do with what you know. Stephen Hawking has continually showed the many characteristics of a hero through his life, even while fighting with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Stephen Hawking grew up in England and was diagnosed with ALS at a very young age. However, he did not let this stop him from shaking the foundations of science forever. Stephen Hawking is considered one